Gut microbiome and risk of ischaemic stroke: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Aims Increasing evidence implicates the microbiome as a susceptibility factor for ischaemic stroke (IS). Interpretation of this evidence is difficult, for the composition of the microbiome is influenced by various factors and might affect differently in IS subtypes. We aim to determine if the specific gut microbiome is causally associated with IS subtypes and suggest potential approaches for stroke prevention. Methods and results We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test the causal relationship between gut microbiome and IS subtypes. For exposure data, we extracted genetic variants associated with 194 bacterial traits from MiBioGen consortium (n = 18 340). For outcomes, we selected three IS subtypes including cardioembolic stroke (CES, n = 410 484), small vessel stroke (SVS, n = 198 048), and large artery stroke (LAS, n = 198 048). Additionally, we performed a sequence of sensitivity analyses to validate preliminary MR results. There were four, three, and four bacteria showing an increased risk for LAS, SVS, and CES, respectively, and there were five, six, and five bacteria leading a decreasing risk for LAS, SVS, and CES, respectively. Amongst these, the genus_Intestinimonas showed negative associations with LAS [odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.61–0.98)] and SVS (0.85, 0.73–0.98). The genus_LachnospiraceaeNK4A136group was genetically associated with decreased risk of both SVS (0.81, 0.66–0.99) and CES (0.75, 0.60–0.94). Conclusion The study revealed the causal effect of the abundance of specific bacterial features on the risk of IS subtypes. Notably, genus_Intestinimonas and genus_LachnospiraceaeNK4A136group displayed significant protection against more than one IS subtype, further suggesting potential applications of targeted probiotics in IS prevention.