Alkaline earth metals for osteogenic scaffolds: From mechanisms to applications

碱土金属 业务 材料科学 化学 冶金 金属
作者
Yihang Weng,Jian Yu-jia,Wenlong Huang,Zhuojun Xie,Ying Zhou,Xibo Pei
出处
期刊:Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B [Wiley]
卷期号:111 (7): 1447-1474 被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.1002/jbm.b.35246
摘要

Abstract Regeneration of bone defects is a significant challenge today. As alternative approaches to the autologous bone, scaffold materials have remarkable features in treating bone defects; however, the various properties of current scaffold materials still fall short of expectations. Due to the osteogenic capability of alkaline earth metals, their application in scaffold materials has become an effective approach to improving their properties. Furthermore, numerous studies have shown that combining alkaline earth metals leads to better osteogenic properties than applying them alone. In this review, the physicochemical and physiological characteristics of alkaline earth metals are introduced, mainly focusing on their mechanisms and applications in osteogenesis, especially magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba). Furthermore, this review highlights the possible cross‐talk between pathways when alkaline earth metals are combined. Finally, some of the current drawbacks of scaffold materials are enumerated, such as the high corrosion rate of Mg scaffolds and defects in the mechanical properties of Ca scaffolds. Moreover, a brief perspective is also provided regarding future directions in this field. It is worth exploring that whether the levels of alkaline earth metals in newly regenerated bone differs from those in normal bone. The ideal ratio of each element in the bone tissue engineering scaffolds or the optimal concentration of each elemental ion in the created osteogenic environment still needs further exploration. The review not only summarizes the research developments in osteogenesis but also offers a direction for developing new scaffold materials.
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