Enhanced catalysis of a vanadium-substituted Keggin-type polyoxomolybdate supported on the M3O4/C (M = Fe or Co) surface enables efficient and recyclable oxidation of HMF to DFF

Catalysts based on PMo 10 V 2 and M 3 O 4 /C (M = Fe, Co) show excellent catalytic effects in HMF oxidation and offer a promising approach for the design of catalysts for HMF conversion.