Fabrication of alginate‐based hydrogel microparticle via ruthenium‐catalyzed photocrosslinking

Abstract In this study, we developed an alginate‐based microparticle production process via sodium ruthenium(II) tris‐bipyridyl dication (Ru)/ammonium persulfate (SPS)‐mediated visible light crosslinking system using a microfluidic device. Microparticles were prepared by crosslinking phenolic‐substituted alginate (AlgPh) and incorporated gelatin (GelPh) in an aqueous solution containing SPS, which flowed into an ambient immiscible liquid paraffin‐containing Ru using coaxial double orifice microfluidic device. The hydrogel microparticles appeared with the desired geometries and dimensions under optimal conditions. The concentration of AlgPh and light intensity were the most critical parameters for harvesting spherical microparticles with homogeneous size distribution. The physical properties of the prepared AlgPh microparticles were characterized and compared with Alg‐Ca microparticles. Cell viability and proliferation preserved on AlgPh/GelPh hydrogel surfaces. Also, encapsulated cells in microparticles were also viable and proliferated well over 13 days after encapsulation. In brief, the results proved the feasibility of fabricating AlgPh vehicles via Ru/SPS‐mediated system and visible light irradiation as a simple and efficient three‐dimensional platform, which are applicable for various tissue engineering and cell delivery purposes.