Investigating build orientation-induced mechanical anisotropy in additive manufacturing 316L stainless steel

材料科学 极限抗拉强度 电子背散射衍射 各向异性 晶体孪晶 奥氏体 纹理(宇宙学) 位错 加工硬化 复合材料 Twip公司 延展性(地球科学) 奥氏体不锈钢 结晶学 微观结构 光学 腐蚀 人工智能 蠕动 化学 物理 图像(数学) 计算机科学
作者
Som Dixit,Shunyu Liu,Heather A. Murdoch,Pauline Smith
出处
期刊:Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:880: 145308-145308 被引量:20
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.msea.2023.145308
摘要

Build orientation-induced mechanical anisotropy is critical for additive manufacturing metals. To leverage the existing research on anisotropy between Z and X/Y build orientations, this work focuses on the anisotropic behavior within 2D planes. Therefore, tensile coupons of 316L stainless steel (316L-SS) were fabricated in five different build orientations (X, Y, XY45°, Z, and ZX45°) using the laser powder bed fusion process with a pulsed laser. Different characterization techniques at various length scales were employed to investigate the mechanisms of mechanical anisotropy. According to the electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) study, X and Y samples had a larger fraction of <001> and <110> grains, whereas XY45° coupons had a larger fraction of <111> grains along the tensile axis. In contrast, Z samples exhibited a dominant <110> texture parallel to the tensile axis. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all the samples had a single austenitic phase but different dislocation densities. The tensile results of all samples showed higher yield strength and comparable ductility with those in the literature. Among all the build orientations, XY45° coupons had the highest yield strength due to the large fraction of <111> grains oriented along the tensile axis and the highest dislocation density of 2.2 × 1015 m−2. In contrast, the highest ductility of Z samples was caused due to twinning-favored <110> crystallographic texture along the tensile axis. The onset and termination of different stages of strain hardening were mainly affected by the cellular sub-grain structure and crystallographic texture, as well as their interactions with dislocation generation and evolution. These findings indicated that crystallographic texture and dislocation density were the dominant contributions to the mechanical anisotropy followed by grain morphology.
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