Dual design strategy for carboxymethyl cellulose-polyaniline composite hydrogels as super-sensitive amphibious sensors

Conductive hydrogels as ideal candidate materials for flexible sensors have exhibited many promising applications. However, complex application environments, such as low temperatures or underwater conditions, have introduced new requirements for hydrogel sensors. Herein, a high-performance conductive hydrogel based on carboxymethyl cellulose-polyaniline (CMC-PANI) submicron spheres, poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and phytic acid (PA) was designed and fabricated via a dual design strategy. CMC-PANI particles were introduced to not only empower the good electromechanical performance to the hydrogels, but also enhance the mechanical properties. The obtained hydrogel exhibited good mechanical property, anti-freezing, anti-swellable behavior and recyclable performance. Resistive-type strain sensors assembled by the prepared hydrogels exhibited high pressure sensitivity (34.17×10