MXene filled hydrogel and aerogel composites

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides, MXenes (in particular Ti3C2Tx), and three-dimensional (3D) structures such as polymeric hydrogels or aerogels, are promising families of materials, each in their own right, with advantageous properties for applications in biomedicine, water treatment, electronic devices, and energy. Combination of MXenes with hydro- or aerogels may further improve their individual properties and impart new characteristics. Potentially, it can also significantly improve the chemical stability of MXenes, which is currently one of the main limiting factors for their widespread use. In this paper, we review some representative fabrication techniques and properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene/3D hydrogel and aerogel composites, as well as selected applications of these composites for energy storage and harvesting, biology and medicine, water treatment, and EMI shielding.