Progress in the Development of Antifouling Electrochemical Biosensors

Electrochemical biosensors a subclass of biosensors, consisting of a biosensing element and an electrochemical transducer, have been widely used in various fields due to their excellent performance and portable device. However, in complex actual samples, non-specific adsorption of proteins and solid particles, and adhesion of cells and bacteria will lead to problems such as reduced sensor sensitivity, prolonged response time, and expanded detection errors. Therefore, constructing antifouling sensing platforms to effectively resist the bioadhesion of non-targets is crucial for the performance of biosensors. This study first introduces the commonly used classifications of electrochemical biosensors and their main contaminants. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the construction methods and application research of electrochemical antifouling sensors using different strategies, including the construction of physical, chemical and biological modification interfaces. In addition, the research progress on antifouling and antibacterial dual-action coatings for electrochemical detection is also reviewed. Finally, the challenges and future development trends of various methods are summarized, providing clues for better practical applications of electrochemical biosensors.