Design, fabrication, and performance assessment of a novel PV/T double skin facade

Building-integrated PV technologies have drawn increasing attention to PV double-skin façades (DSFs) due to their flexible structure and excellent energy performance. However, the traditional PV DSF often faces the challenges related to low solar utilization and limited seasonal adaptability. This paper explored a novel PV/T DSF aimed at addressing these issues by harnessing heat from PV modules for air heating in winter and water heating in other seasons. The PV/T DSF was designed and fabricated using a self-developed manufacturing process, and its thermal and electrical performance was tested. The experimental results revealed the air heating efficiency of approximately 30∼50 %, the water heating efficiency of 35∼45 %, and the PV efficiency ranging from 5.0 % to 6.0 %. Subsequently, the mathematical model of the PV/T DSF was validated against dynamic experimental data. Leveraging this model, the study investigated the energy-saving potential of the PV/T DSF in regions characterized by cold winters and hot summers. Compared to conventional PV DSF systems, the PV/T DSF demonstrated higher solar energy utilization, achieving a tenfold increase. Moreover, it reduced summer heat gain by 7 % and increased winter heat gain by 70 %. Furthermore, the system significantly mitigated winter heat loss by 42 % and summer heat gain by 65 % compared to double clear glazing. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the concept and performance of this innovative solar building envelope.