Mechano-responsive chiral gold(I) complexes with aggregation- and crystallization-induced circularly polarized luminescence

Chiral materials with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have attracted extensive attention due to their unique optical properties. However, it is still a challenge to obtain efficient CPL materials. In this work, noticeable CPL signals were obtained through simple crystallization in the classical aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ)-typed chloro-gold(I) complexes (R)-BINAP-AuCl and (S)-BINAP-AuCl. They exhibited typical crystallization-induced emission (CIE) and crystallization-induced CPL behaviors. Importantly, after rational modification by introducing carbazole units, the resulting carbazole- gold(I) complexes (R)-BINAP-AuCz and (S)-BINAP-AuCz showed remarkable aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission (AIPE) and unique aggregation-induced CPL characteristics due to the formation of highly ordered helical packing modes in the nano-aggregate state. More interestingly, the solids of chiral carbazole-gold(I) complexes (R)-BINAP-AuCz and (S)-BINAP-AuCz could sensitively respond to external stimuli and exhibited mechano-responsive CPL performance, which was tuned by the intermolecular C-H···π interactions. Thus, this work provided a new way for constructing high-performance and smart CPL materials.