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Tumor Metabolism as a Factor Affecting Diversity in Cancer Cachexia

恶病质 肌萎缩 浪费的 生酮饮食 癌症 营养基因学 医学 生物 生物信息学 癌症研究 内科学 神经科学 生物化学 基因 癫痫
作者
Oliver F. Bathe
出处
期刊:American Journal of Physiology-cell Physiology [American Physiological Society]
标识
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00677.2024
摘要

Cancer cachexia is a multifaceted metabolic syndrome characterized by muscle wasting, fat redistribution, and metabolic dysregulation, commonly associated with advanced cancer but sometimes also evident in early-stage disease. More subtle body composition changes have also been reported in association with cancer, including sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and increased fat radiodensity. Emerging evidence reveals that body composition changes including sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and increased fat radiodensity, arise from distinct biological mechanisms and significantly impact survival outcomes. Importantly, these features often occur independently, with their combined presence exacerbating poor prognoses. Tumor plays a pivotal role in driving these host changes, either by acting as a metabolic parasite or by releasing mediators that disrupt normal tissue function. This review explores the diversity of tumor metabolism. It highlights the potential for tumor-specific metabolic phenotypes to influence systemic effects, including fat redistribution and sarcopenia. Addressing this tumorhost metabolic interplay requires personalized approaches that disrupt tumor metabolism while preserving host health. Promising strategies include targeted pharmacologic interventions and anti-cachexia agents like GDF-15 inhibitors. Nutritional modifications such as ketogenic diets and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation also merit further investigation. In addition to preserving muscle, these therapies will need to be evaluated for their capability to improve survival and quality of life. This review underscores the need for further research into tumor-driven metabolic effects on the host and the development of integrative treatment strategies to address the interconnected challenges of cancer progression and cachexia.
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