Delocalized Polarons in Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Conjugated Polymers: Implications for Near‐Infrared Electrochromism and Beyond

离域电子 材料科学 共轭体系 电致变色 极化子 聚合物 红外线的 化学物理 光化学 电致变色装置 光电子学 纳米技术 有机化学 光学 量子力学 物理 电极 化学 电子 复合材料
作者
Dipanjan Giri,Shraman Kumar Saha,Iona Anderson,Ajay Chakraborty,Jyotsana Kala,Jolanda Simone Müller,Jenny Nelson,Ram Kumar Canjeevaram Balasubramanyam,Satish Patil
出处
期刊:Advanced Functional Materials [Wiley]
标识
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202410815
摘要

Abstract Conjugated polymers with delocalized polarons and near‐infrared (IR) absorption properties are promising materials for applications in electrochemical devices. However, the poor stability of low bandgap polymers in electrochemical redox conditions limits the realization of such devices. Herein, a new family of near‐IR absorbing conjugated polymers based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives with methoxy substituents to achieve reversible p‐type electrochemical doping with bistable near‐IR electrochromism is designed. The extent of volumetric doping in various electrolytes using cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry for optimal electrochemical kinetics and near‐IR contrast is systematically investigated. Further, the spray‐coated films of polymers display high open circuit memory as the methoxylation is increased on the polymer backbone. The contrasting electrochromic memory and kinetics observed for these polymers are mainly ascribed to two factors; i) the effect of backbone structure on the spatial extent of polaron delocalization, and ii) the ionization energy of the polymers. The utility of DPP‐based polymers as energy‐efficient electrochromic optical attenuators (EVOAs) with high near‐IR coloration efficiencies, and an optical attenuation value of 5.1 dB at 1.3 and 1.5 µm wavelengths is demonstrated. Furthermore, the experimental findings are corroborated with theoretical studies to establish that the polaron delocalization length is central to the performance of the device.
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