History of Antibiotics Research

伤寒 抗生素 梅毒 鼠疫(疾病) 霍乱 医学 生物 历史 病毒学 微生物学 人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV) 古代史
作者
Kathrin I. Mohr
出处
期刊:Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology [Springer Science+Business Media]
卷期号:: 237-272 被引量:239
标识
DOI:10.1007/82_2016_499
摘要

For thousands of years people were delivered helplessly to various kinds of infections, which often reached epidemic proportions and have cost the lives of millions of people. This is precisely the age since mankind has been thinking of infectious diseases and the question of their causes. However, due to a lack of knowledge, the search for strategies to fight, heal, and prevent the spread of communicable diseases was unsuccessful for a long time. It was not until the discovery of the healing effects of (antibiotic producing) molds, the first microscopic observations of microorganisms in the seventeenth century, the refutation of the abiogenesis theory, and the dissolution of the question "What is the nature of infectious diseases?" that the first milestones within the history of antibiotics research were set. Then new discoveries accelerated rapidly: Bacteria could be isolated and cultured and were identified as possible agents of diseases as well as producers of bioactive metabolites. At the same time the first synthetic antibiotics were developed and shortly thereafter, thousands of synthetic substances as well as millions of soil borne bacteria and fungi were screened for bioactivity within numerous microbial laboratories of pharmaceutical companies. New antibiotic classes with different targets were discovered as on assembly line production. With the beginning of the twentieth century, many of the diseases which reached epidemic proportions at the time—e.g., cholera, syphilis, plague, tuberculosis, or typhoid fever, just to name a few, could be combatted with new discovered antibiotics. It should be considered that hundred years ago the market launch of new antibiotics was significantly faster and less complicated than today (where it takes 10–12 years in average between the discovery of a new antibiotic until the launch). After the first euphoria it was quickly realized that bacteria are able to develop, acquire, and spread numerous resistance mechanisms. Whenever a new antibiotic reached the market it did not take long until scientists observed the first resistant germs. Since the marketing of the first antibiotic there is a neck-on-neck race between scientists who discover natural or develop semisynthetic and synthetic bioactive molecules and bacteria, which have developed resistance mechanisms. The emphasis of this chapter is to give an overview of the history of antibiotics research. The situation within the pre-antibiotic era as well as in the early antibiotic era will be described until the Golden Age of Antibiotics will conclude this time travel. The most important antibiotic classes, information about their discovery, activity spectrum, mode of action, resistance mechanisms, and current application will be presented.
最长约 10秒,即可获得该文献文件

科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI
更新
PDF的下载单位、IP信息已删除 (2025-6-4)

科研通是完全免费的文献互助平台,具备全网最快的应助速度,最高的求助完成率。 对每一个文献求助,科研通都将尽心尽力,给求助人一个满意的交代。
实时播报
1秒前
2秒前
4秒前
完美世界应助肖肖采纳,获得10
5秒前
DE2022发布了新的文献求助10
5秒前
6秒前
9秒前
9秒前
sea完成签到 ,获得积分10
10秒前
zwy109发布了新的文献求助10
13秒前
DE2022完成签到,获得积分10
14秒前
m7m发布了新的文献求助10
14秒前
14秒前
小湛完成签到 ,获得积分10
14秒前
量子星尘发布了新的文献求助10
14秒前
lyp完成签到,获得积分10
16秒前
19秒前
Master完成签到,获得积分10
20秒前
麦克阿宇发布了新的文献求助10
21秒前
22秒前
23秒前
soapffz完成签到,获得积分10
25秒前
JamesPei应助mj采纳,获得10
26秒前
Dmooou发布了新的文献求助10
28秒前
TT发布了新的文献求助10
31秒前
善良断缘完成签到 ,获得积分10
32秒前
机灵的觅山完成签到,获得积分20
32秒前
研友_VZG7GZ应助sda采纳,获得10
33秒前
Hello应助王星星采纳,获得10
33秒前
Liufgui应助麦克阿宇采纳,获得10
36秒前
Ava应助科研通管家采纳,获得10
36秒前
猪猪hero应助科研通管家采纳,获得10
36秒前
Hello应助科研通管家采纳,获得10
36秒前
田様应助科研通管家采纳,获得10
37秒前
科研通AI5应助科研通管家采纳,获得10
37秒前
在水一方应助科研通管家采纳,获得10
37秒前
zedhumble完成签到,获得积分10
37秒前
传奇3应助科研通管家采纳,获得10
37秒前
汉堡包应助科研通管家采纳,获得10
37秒前
王子安应助科研通管家采纳,获得10
37秒前
高分求助中
A new approach to the extrapolation of accelerated life test data 1000
ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 12th edition 500
‘Unruly’ Children: Historical Fieldnotes and Learning Morality in a Taiwan Village (New Departures in Anthropology) 400
Indomethacinのヒトにおける経皮吸収 400
Phylogenetic study of the order Polydesmida (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) 370
基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术泄漏气体检测系统的研究 350
Robot-supported joining of reinforcement textiles with one-sided sewing heads 320
热门求助领域 (近24小时)
化学 材料科学 医学 生物 工程类 有机化学 生物化学 物理 内科学 纳米技术 计算机科学 化学工程 复合材料 遗传学 基因 物理化学 催化作用 冶金 细胞生物学 免疫学
热门帖子
关注 科研通微信公众号,转发送积分 3988997
求助须知:如何正确求助?哪些是违规求助? 3531351
关于积分的说明 11253520
捐赠科研通 3269928
什么是DOI,文献DOI怎么找? 1804830
邀请新用户注册赠送积分活动 882063
科研通“疑难数据库(出版商)”最低求助积分说明 809068