Tuning/exploiting Strong Metal-Support Interaction (SMSI) in Heterogeneous Catalysis

Interactions between metals and supports are of fundamental interest in heterogeneous catalysis. The electronic, geometric and bifunctional effects originating from Strong Metal-Support Interactions (SMSI) that are responsible for the catalyst's activity, selectivity, and stability are key factors that determine performance. Research into SMSI is fast-growing with many revolutionary systems being developed to enhance our understanding of its nature and effects. This review starts with a brief overview of heterogeneous catalysis and SMSI; then three major mechanisms involving electronic, geometric and bifunctional effects are summarized to introduce the fundamental concepts, recent progress and disagreement remained. Subsequently, advanced analytical techniques are introduced as contemporary approaches to the investigation and understanding of SMSI. In addition, the effects of SMSI on the catalytic activity, selectivity and stability of various reaction systems, such as heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis are examined. Additionally, a brief review of various protocols used for the manipulation of interactions between metals and supports is given. Lastly, the future of SMSI with respect to further developments and ongoing challenging issues is addressed.