六亚甲基四胺
阳极
电化学
热重分析
碳纤维
X射线光电子能谱
傅里叶变换红外光谱
化学工程
木质素
化学
热稳定性
材料科学
核化学
有机化学
电极
复合材料
工程类
物理化学
复合数
作者
Xiumin Yu,Yu B,Jie Zhang,Zhilin Yang,Jingxuan Zeng,Mingming Chen,Chengyang Wang
标识
DOI:10.1002/slct.201801980
摘要
Abstract Lignin‐based hard carbon microspheres anodes were prepared and applied in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), which delivered a high initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and good capacity. The precursors of lignin hard carbon microspheres are thermoset lignin microspheres. By reversed‐phase polymerization, different physicochemical properties of lignin microspheres were prepared by adjusting the amount of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA). The influence of HMTA on microstructure, thermal stability and electro‐chemical properties were studied in detail. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric, Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET) measurements, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman analysis showed that more functional groups are introduced and HMTA improved the thermal stability and the carbon disorder. It is found that the most appropriate addition amount of HMTA is 5 wt % after comparison. The optimal sample exhibits the best electrochemical performance. The initial discharge/charge capacity of 494.4/393 mAg −1 (ICE of 79.6%) is achieved at a current density of 0.1 C (1 C=250 mAg −1 ), and after 250 cycles at 0.4 C, the capacity retention ratio is 90.3%. This high reversible capacity proves that adding an appropriate amount of HMTA is an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of SIBs.
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