Deep learning-based single-shot structured illumination microscopy

We report a deep learning-based structured illumination microscopy (SIM) method, which can reconstruct a super-resolution (SR) image using only one frame structured illumination image. Generative adversative networks (GANs) and deformation of U-Net (DU-Net) are employed to perform the task. GANs are trained to generate other structured illumination images by feeding a single structured illumination image, and DU-Net is trained to reconstruct the super-resolution image. The results of experiments and simulations demonstrate that the SR image could be reconstructed from one frame structured illumination image. Importantly, it can greatly reduce phototoxicity and photobleaching.