质子交换膜燃料电池
催化作用
材料科学
氧还原反应
动力学
碳纤维
化学工程
阴极
金属
铂金
降级(电信)
燃料电池
氧气
质子
膜
纳米技术
无机化学
化学
电化学
物理化学
冶金
电极
有机化学
复合材料
工程类
物理
复合数
电信
量子力学
生物化学
计算机科学
作者
Zhengpei Miao,Shenzhou Li,Cameron Priest,Tanyuan Wang,Gang Wu,Qing Li
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202200595
摘要
Abstract The large‐scale commercialization of proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is extremely limited by their costly platinum‐group metals (PGMs) catalysts, which are used for catalyzing the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode. Among the reported PGM‐free catalysts so far, metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N x /C) catalysts hold a great potential to replace PGMs catalysts for the ORR due to their excellent initial activity and low cost. However, despite tremendous progress in this field in the past decade, their further applications are restricted by fast degradation under practical conditions. Herein, the theoretical fundamentals of the stability of the M–N x /C catalysts are first introduced in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics. The primary degradation mechanisms of M–N x /C catalysts and the corresponding mitigating strategies are discussed in detail. Finally, the current challenges and the prospects for designing highly stable M–N x /C catalysts are outlined.
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