Role of Circadian Rhythm and Impact of Circadian Rhythm Disturbance on the Metabolism and Disease

Molecular circadian clocks exist in almost all cells of the organism and operate for approximately 24 hours, maintain the normal physiological and behavioral body processes, and regulate metabolism of many cells related to a variety of disease states. Circadian rhythms regulate metabolism, mainly including neurotransmitters, hormones, amino acids, and lipids. Circadian misalignment is related to metabolic syndromes, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, which have reached an alarming level in modern society. We reviewed the mechanism of the circadian clock and the interaction between circadian rhythm and metabolism, as well as circadian rhythm disturbance on the metabolism of hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Finally, we discuss how to use the circadian rhythm to prevent diseases. Thus, this review is a micro-to-macro discussion from the perspective of circadian rhythm and aims to provide basic ideas for circadian rhythm research and disease therapies.