溶解度
地幔(地质学)
无水的
地质学
玄武岩
饱和(图论)
地球化学
矿物学
过渡带
后钙钛矿
化学
物理化学
数学
有机化学
组合数学
作者
Nathalie Bolfan‐Casanova
出处
期刊:Mineralogical Magazine
[The Mineralogical Society]
日期:2005-06-01
卷期号:69 (3): 229-257
被引量:200
标识
DOI:10.1180/0026461056930248
摘要
Abstract Water plays an important role in most processes within the Earth's mantle, e.g. transport phenomena, differentiation and seismic properties. This paper reviews the various aspects of water in the mantle, with a special emphasis on the water content in nominally anhydrous minerals, especially lower-mantle minerals. The saturation of the upper mantle with respect to water is calculated as a function of pressure, based on available water-solubility data obtained for upper-mantle minerals. The result indicates that the upper mantle is saturated at pressures between 2 and 4 GPa for bulk water contents of 250 to 700 ppm wt., as retrieved from measurements on mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) and ocean island basalts (OIBs). Whereas up to 4000 ppm wt. of H 2 O could be dissolved in the upper mantle at pressures corresponding to 410 km depth, such a value is less than the 1.5–2.5 wt.% solubility stored in the hydrous phases of the transition zone. Water solubility in mantle perovskite is still controversial, because of the difficulty of synthesizing samples free of impurities. Reported data indicate that water solubility in perovskite decreases with increasing temperature and Al content. Water partitions preferentially into ferropericlase rather than into perovskite, and its water solubility increases with the incorporation of trivalent cations.
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