Lethal and sublethal effects of direct exposure to acetamiprid on reproduction and survival of the greenbug,Schizaphis graminum(Hemiptera: Aphididae)

The acetamiprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is a popular crop-protection agent used in fields as well as in protected cultivation. The lethal and sublethal effects of acetamiprid on direct exposure to Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a major pest of small grains, were tested under greenhouse condition. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) value for the populations treated with LC30, LC50, LC60, LC70, LC80 concentrations of acetamiprid and distilled water as control was 0.1446 ± 0.01, 0.1842 ± 0.0144, 0.1979 ± 0.016, 0.1595 ± 0.0105, 0.0779 ± 0.0242, 0.3156 ± 0.0029; the net reproductive rate (R0) was 4.95 ± 0.63, 7.1 ± 1.19, 7.05 ± 1.16, 4.95 ± 0.77, 2.15 ± 0.53, 85.5 ± 2.53; the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.1555 ± 0.0115, 1.2022 ± 0.0173, 1.2186 ± 0.0195, 1.1728 ± 0.0182, 1.0807 ± 0.026, 1.3711 ± 0.004; the gross reproduction rate was 7.26 ± 0.69, 9.92 ± 1.03, 9.28 ± 0.84, 5.79 ± 0.58, 2.96 ± 0.49, 85.5 ± 2.53: the mean generation time (T) was 11.13 ± 0.2, 10.72 ± 0.2, 9.94 ± 0.15, 10.1 ± 0.08, 10.23 ± 0.07, 14.1 ± 0.13, respectively. Also, cluster analysing clearly showed that Lethal and sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid has significant impact on reproduction and survival of S. graminum.