监督人
心理学
促进
任务(项目管理)
社会便利化
控制源
观察员(物理)
控制(管理)
心理干预
工作(物理)
社会心理学
应用心理学
自我监控
计算机监控
计算机科学
工程类
人工智能
管理
经济
神经科学
物理
系统工程
精神科
实时计算
机械工程
量子力学
作者
John R. Aiello,Carol M. Svec
标识
DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01102.x
摘要
This study demonstrated the utility of employing a social facilitation framework to the study of computer monitoring of work performance. The physical presence of an observer watching a subject work on a complex task (as a supervisor might “look over an employee's shoulder“) was contrasted with four conditions involving the electronic presence of computer‐based work monitoring (as a supervisor might monitor an employee's work remotely via computer) and a control condition of subjects working alone without any monitoring of their work. Task performance was severely impaired for participants who were monitored electronically as well as for those who were monitored “in person.” Two interventions, providing participants with a sense of control over their work conditions and monitoring participants as a group rather than as individuals, each reduced the negative impact of monitoring on task performance by almost 40%. Results also indicated that individuals with an external locus of control (who believe reinforcements received are primarily determined by factors outside of themselves, e. g., other people) experience greater anxiety than those with an internal locus of control under monitoring conditions. Implications of these findings for social facilitation and the rapidly expanding use of computer‐based work monitoring are discussed.
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