Assessment of Chemosensory Function Using “Sniffin’ Sticks”, Taste Strips, Taste Sprays, and Retronasal Olfactory Tests

Background: Approximately 5% of the general population is affected by functional anosmia. An additional 15% exhibit decreased olfactory function. Many of these individuals ask ENT-doctors or neurologists for help. A cornerstone of the counselling process is the assessment of olfactory function. The aim of this work is to give a differentiated overview about the administration of commonly used psychophysical tests for olfactory and gustatory function including their normative data. Conclusion: The use of standardized, reliable and validated tools is mandatory to provide patients with state-of the-art counseling on treatment options. Keywords: Smell, taste, olfaction, gustation, orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function, normative data.