Device Simulation of Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskite/Crystalline Silicon Four-Terminal Tandem Solar Cell With Various Antireflection Materials

The four-terminal tandem solar cell consisting of a bottom cell, which employs crystalline silicon (c-Si) as an absorber layer, and a top cell, which employs methyl ammonium lead halide (CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ ) as an absorber layer, was constructed. In order to improve solar cell performance, antireflection layers were employed to reduce reflection and enhance photon transmission. In this study, we explored the effect of antireflection layers on tandem solar cells performance with Silvaco Atlas. According to the simulation result, it was found that the optimal thickness of c-Si and CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ was 100 μm and 600 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of various antireflection materials [lithium fluoride (LiF), magnesium fluoride (MgF ₂ ), SiO ₂ , and aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ )] on tandem devices were explored, and the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) with these antireflection layers were 27.62%, 27.63%, 27.47%, and 26.75%, respectively, much higher than that of the device without the antireflection layer (26.3%). Meantime, the device with the Al ₂ O ₃ antireflection layer showed the best encapsulation properties. Thus, the antireflection layer of Al ₂ O ₃ with LiF, MgF ₂ , and SiO ₂ combinations was employed, and PCEs of tandem solar cells can achieve 27.44%, 27.45%, and 27.32%, respectively.