Transition metal sulfides for supercapacitors

Transition metal sulfides are receiving considerable attention due to their unique electronic and electrochemical properties. Current research has focused on earth-abundant and low-toxicity materials for economically viable electrode materials. However, these metal sulfides face issues such as electrochemical stability, short lifetime, and low energy density. Recent progress in the synthesis, design, and strategies for nanostructured transition metal sulfides offers improved structural, morphological, electronic, and electrochemical properties. This chapter summarizes recent research developments in transition metal sulfides: manganese sulfides, iron sulfides, cobalt sulfides, nickel sulfides, copper sulfides, and zinc sulfides. It provides comprehensive coverage of recent research in transition metal sulfide composites with advanced materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, polymers, and sulfides themselves. Limitations, challenges, and future outlooks of transition metal sulfide-based supercapacitors are also presented.