精神分裂症(面向对象编程)
遗传建筑学
疾病
病理学
多基因风险评分
病因学
精神科
医学
人口
精神病
流行病学
神经科学
心理学
数量性状位点
遗传学
生物
病理
环境卫生
基因型
单核苷酸多态性
基因
作者
Olav B. Smeland,Oleksandr Frei,Anders M. Dale,Ole A. Andreassen
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41582-020-0364-0
摘要
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with considerable morbidity and mortality. Although the past two decades have seen limited improvement in the treatment of schizophrenia, research into the genetic causes of this condition has made important advances that offer new insights into the aetiology of schizophrenia. This Review summarizes the evidence for a polygenic architecture of schizophrenia that involves a large number of risk alleles across the whole range of population frequencies. These genetic risk loci implicate biological processes related to neurodevelopment, neuronal excitability, synaptic function and the immune system in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Mathematical models also suggest a substantial overlap between schizophrenia and psychiatric, behavioural and cognitive traits, a situation that has implications for understanding its clinical epidemiology, psychiatric nosology and pathobiology. Looking ahead, further genetic discoveries are expected to lead to clinically relevant predictive approaches for identifying high-risk individuals, improved diagnostic accuracy, increased yield from drug development programmes and improved stratification strategies to address the heterogeneous disease course and treatment responses observed among affected patients.
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