Cerium-doped indium oxide transparent electrode for semi-transparent perovskite and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Perovskite and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells hold great promise for commercialization for their high efficiency and low cost. One of the major challenges for semi-transparent perovskite and tandem devices is the availability of suitable transparent electrodes. Here, we report an alternative high-performance cerium-doped indium oxide (ICO) transparent electrode with high mobility, low carrier concentration and high transmittance by Radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at room temperature (RT) for thus applications. A high mobility of 51.6 cm2/Vs, a low resistivity of 5.74 × 10−4 Ω cm as well as a high average transmittance of 83.5% ranging from 400 nm to 1800 nm were obtain at RT. The spectral response of a planar semi-transparent perovskite solar cell (ST-PSC) proportion accelerated in 450–700 nm range and resulted in an absolute 1.1 mA/cm2 (from 17.38 to 18.48 mA/cm2) and 1.47 mA/cm2 (from 13.63 to 15.10 mA/cm2) short-circuit current improvement by replacing commercial ITO electrodes with ICO at different illuminate sides. Finally, the preliminary perovskite/silicon-heterojunction (SHJ) two-terminal tandem solar cell achieves a relative 8.06% improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) (from 18.85% to 20.37%) in the use of ICO transparent electrode, illustrating a promising alternative transparent electrode to further improve high-efficiency semi-transparent perovskite and its tandem solar cells.