蚯蚓
微生物群
人类受精
土壤生物学
营养水平
土壤食物网
生态系统
生物
食物链
堆肥
土壤生态学
食物网
生态学
农学
土壤水分
土壤肥力
土壤生物多样性
生物信息学
作者
Fei Zheng,Qing-Fang Bi,Madeline Giles,Roy Neilson,Qing‐Lin Chen,Xianyong Lin,Yong‐Guan Zhu,Xiao‐Ru Yang
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.0c03893
摘要
Applying organic fertilizers has been well documented to facilitate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil ecosystems. However, the role of soil fauna in this process has been seldom addressed, which hampers our ability to predict the fate of and to manage the spread of ARGs. Here, using high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (HT-qPCR), we examined the effect of long-term (5-, 8-, and 10-year) fertilization treatments (control, inorganic fertilizers, and mixed fertilizers) on the transfer of ARGs between soil, nematodes, and earthworms. We found distinct fates for ARGs in the nematodes and earthworms, with the former having higher enriched levels of ARGs than the latter. Fertilization impacted the number and abundance of ARGs in soil, and fertilization duration altered the composition of ARGs. Shared ARGs among soil, nematodes, and earthworm guts supported by a fast expectation-maximization microbial source tracking analysis demonstrated the trophic transfer potential of ARGs through this short soil food chain. The transfer of ARGs was reduced by fertilization duration, which was mainly ascribed to the reduction of ARGs in the earthworm gut microbiota. This study identified the transfer of ARGs in the soil-nematode-earthworm food chain as a potential mechanism for a wider dissemination of ARGs in the soil ecosystem.
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