Forest conversion to plantations: A meta‐analysis of consequences for soil and microbial properties and functions

矿化(土壤科学) 环境科学 生态系统 土壤碳 生物量(生态学) 生态学 生物地球化学循环 微生物 土壤生物学 微生物种群生物学 土壤呼吸 土壤有机质 土壤生态学 农学 物种丰富度 环境化学 土壤水分 化学 生物 土壤生物多样性 土壤科学 细菌 遗传学
作者
Ying Wang,Chen Liang,Wenhua Xiang,Shuai Ouyang,Taidong Zhang,Xiulan Zhang,Yelin Zeng,Yanting Hu,Gongwen Luo,Yakov Kuzyakov
出处
期刊:Global Change Biology [Wiley]
卷期号:27 (21): 5643-5656 被引量:63
标识
DOI:10.1111/gcb.15835
摘要

Primary or secondary forests around the world are increasingly being converted into plantations. Soil microorganisms are critical for all biogeochemical processes in ecosystems, but the effects of forest conversion on microbial communities and their functioning remain unclear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the impacts that converting forests to plantations has on soil microbial communities and functioning as well as on the associated plant and soil properties. We collected 524 paired observations from 138 studies globally. We found that conversion leads to broad range of adverse impacts on soils and microorganisms, including on soil organic carbon (-24%), total nitrogen (-29%), bacterial and fungal biomass (-36% and -42%, respectively), microbial biomass carbon (MBC, -31%) and nitrogen (-33%), and fungi to bacteria ratio (F:B, -16%). In addition, we found impacts on the ratio of MBC to soil organic C (qMBC, -20%), microbial respiration (-18%), N mineralization (-18%), and enzyme activities including β-1,4-glucosidase (-54%), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (-39%), and acid phosphatase (ACP; -34%). In contrast, conversion to plantations increases bacterial richness (+21%) and microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2 , +21%). The effects of forest conversion were consistent across stand ages, stand types, and climate zone. Soil C and N contents as well as the C:N ratio were the main factors responsible for the changes of microbial C, F:B, and bacterial richness. The responses of qCO2 , N mineralization, and ACP activity were mainly driven by the reductions in F:B, MBC, and soil C:N. Applying macro-ecology theory on ecosystem disturbance in soil microbial ecology, we show that microbial groups shifted from K to r strategists after conversion to plantations. Our meta-analysis underlines the adverse effects of natural forests conversion to plantations on soil microbial communities and functioning, and suggests that the preservation of soil functions should be a consideration in forest management practices.
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