LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD FOR MULTIPHASE AND MULTICOMPONENT FLOWS: A REVIEW

The authors present the development of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for application to gas--liquid flows, gas mixture, and gas--solid flows. The LBM scheme is constructed using a simple procedure that takes into account collision and propagation processes. The fluid density is calculated using the sum of the distribution function with respect to number of the discrete velocity. Since all distribution functions exist in the computational region with adequate boundary conditions, the LBM is effective for mass conservation and can be adjusted to the multiphase flow simulation. For the multiphase flow simulation, the color-gradient model is first proposed, and then the Shan--Chen and free energy models were implemented using the LBM. Then, the phase-field model, which is commonly used in LBMs, was investigated. The phase-field method easily captures the complicated interface and calculates multiphase flows with high density and viscosity ratios. For multicomponent flows, the LBM can calculate the Stefan--Maxwell equation. The present model calculates multicomponent phenomena, including uphill diffusion, without interpolating the distribution function. For particulate flows, we list the momentum exchange method and the immersed boundary --lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM) and explain the occurrence of boundary slip. Finally, we introduce models for wettability, including three phases: gas, liquid, and solid.