MOF@COF nanocapsule for the enhanced microwave thermal-dynamic therapy and anti-angiogenesis of colorectal cancer

Microwave thermal therapy (MWTT) shows great prospect in cancer treatments due to its non-invasive or minimally invasive nature and deep penetration through the tissue. However, incomplete ablation and elevated expression of many pro-tumor angiogenesis after MWTT (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) induced tumor recurrence still remains an obstacle, especially in some tumors prone to recurrence and metastasis, such as colorectal cancer. Herein, we propose a nanocapsule of covalent organic framework cladding metal organic framework ([email protected]) with microwave (MW) thermal-dynamic sensitization and co-action of tumor anti-angiogenesis. The MOF of Bi-Mn-porphyrin (BM) is designed as MW sensitizer to generate cytotoxic 1O2 and heat for microwave dynamic therapy (MWDT) synergistic MWTT. The COF is covalently coated on BM for further augmenting these two sensitization properties, as well as loading hydrophobic inhibitor of Apatinib to downregulate the expression of VEGF for inhibiting tumor recurrence. Furthermore, the contained Bi and porphyrin endow system with CT and fluorescence imaging (FI) capabilities. In vivo experiments verify that this combination therapy significantly impairs the growth of colorectal cancer with no recurrent carcinoma. Therefore, our work presents an integrated strategy derived from [email protected] for remarkably augmenting single MWTT to reduce tumor recurrence.