Ammonia Production Plants—A Review

Considering the global scientific and industrial effort to utilize ammonia as an alternative to natural gas combustion to run power plants, it is crucial to objectively assess the literature before adjusting or proposing new and advancing techniques in ammonia plants while considering a variety of factors. As a result, this paper assesses the global effort to improve existing ammonia plants and identifies progress by evaluating the currently available dataset to identify knowledge gaps and highlight aspects that have yet to be addressed. Based on the literature reviewed in this study, it was found that the majority of the efforts to advance ammonia plants mainly focus on reducing energy consumption, implementing alternative methods to extract the necessary hydrogen and nitrogen in the process, and changing the cycle arrangement and operating conditions to make the industrial plants more compact. However, regarding carbon reduction in the ammonia production process, it is clear that the effort is less significant when compared to the global scientific and industrial progress in other areas.