A meta-analysis of antecedents of pro-environmental behavioral intention of tourists and hospitality consumers

Several empirical studies have examined factors that influence consumer pro-environmental behavior intentions in tourism and hospitality contexts, given the importance placed on environmental protection by our society. However, little effort has been made to provide a holistic picture of consumer pro-environmental behavioral intention associated with its antecedents in a tourism and hospitality context. The present study meta-analyzed the relationships between pro-environmental behavior intention and 21 major antecedents, based on 194 empirical studies in the tourism and hospitality context. It further investigated whether national cultures (individualism and collectivism) and research contexts (tourism vs. hospitality) moderate these relationships. The results showed (1) that factors of personal norm and anticipated positive emotion have a potent influence on consumers' pro-environmental behavioral intention, and (2) some relationships between pro-environmental behavioral intention and its antecedents varied between collectivist/individualist national culture and research contexts. The implications of the findings are discussed for researchers and professionals in tourism and hospitality.