Nanoscale small molecule self-assembled ITO for photon harvesting in polymer and perovskite solar cells

Benefit of small molecule self-assembled monolayers as a buffer layer at the light entering electrode in a photovoltaic device improves the transparency. This results in improved JSC, as a result increased photovoltaics performance. In This work, 4-nitro benzoic acid (NBA) was investigated as an ITO work function modifier, in place of PEDOT:PSS, both in organic and perovskite photovoltaics. Self-assembled monolayer of NBA helps in work function reduction of ITO. Self-assembled monolayer of NBA forms a permanent dipole on the ITO surface consequently increases WF. Using NBA as an ITO work function modifier does not influence the device VOC. From obtained results it is noted that light absorption enhancement is the primary factor for PCE improvement. Results indicates that NBA can be used as work function modifier both in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite photovoltaics and organic photovoltaics.