Green nanotechnology for the environment

The unique properties of nanotechnology or nanoscale materials have the prospective to create numerous developments of environmental solutions to current social, economic, technological challenges, and sensing systems. The devices manufactured using green nanotechnology with nanomaterials is projected to contribute considerably to environmental and climate protection directly by saving raw materials, remediation of hazardous wastes, treatment of waste and potable water with nanomaterials. The indirect environmental benefits include energy savings from lighter nanocomposite materials in transportation vehicles or reduced waste from smaller items, as well as a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. However, the nanoparticles synthesized from a high rate of poisonous chemicals itself will create serious environmental problems. Therefore in biogenic oxidation of metal precursors to manufacture eco-friendly, less affordable, chemical-free nanoparticles for biological and environmental purposes, nanoparticle purity is essential. Nowadays, green nanoparticle production approaches have been implemented, utilizing plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae. This chapter deals with a complete review of different applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials to overcome the existing environmental problems, preventive measures for future challenges resulting from the usage of nanomaterials in the environment.