Islet-after-kidney transplantation versus kidney alone in kidney transplant recipients with type 1 diabetes (KAIAK): a population-based target trial emulation in France

Islet transplantation has been associated with better metabolic control and quality of life than insulin treatment alone, but direct evidence of its effect on hard clinical endpoints is scarce. We aimed to assess the effect of islet transplantation on patient-graft survival in kidney transplant recipients with type 1 diabetes.