Advanced Characterization of the Spatial Variation of Moiré Heterostructures and Moiré Excitons

Abstract In this short review, an overview of recent progress in deploying advanced characterization techniques is provided to understand the effects of spatial variation and inhomogeneities in moiré heterostructures over multiple length scales. Particular emphasis is placed on correlating the impact of twist angle misalignment, nano‐scale disorder, and atomic relaxation on the moiré potential and its collective excitations, particularly moiré excitons. Finally, future technological applications leveraging moiré excitons are discussed.