Emerging Roles of IL‐27 in Trophoblast Cells and Pregnancy Complications

ABSTRACT Problem Pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and preterm birth persist, despite current interventions aimed at their prevention and treatment largely proving unsuccessful. Interleukin‐27 (IL‐27), composed of p28 and EBI3 subunits, binds to IL‐27R, which consists of gp130 and IL‐27Rα (also known as WSX‐1 or TCCR), and plays a pivotal role in tumor development and inflammation regulation. At the maternal‐fetal interface, IL‐27 expression has been detected in trophoblasts, endometrial stromal cells, and decidual cells. Abnormal levels of IL‐27/IL‐27R have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. This review aims to explore the expression of IL‐27 at the maternal‐fetal interface and its signaling pathway, uncovering the complex role of IL‐27 in pregnancy complications. Method of Study A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases, analyzing studies on IL‐27 expression and its signaling pathways at the maternal‐fetal interface. The review focused on identifying the presence of IL‐27 in various cell types and linking abnormal IL‐27/IL‐27R expression to pregnancy complications such as spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Discussion and Conclusion IL‐27 plays a complex role at the maternal‐fetal interface, with abnormal expression linked to several pregnancy complications. These findings highlight the need for further research to elucidate IL‐27's mechanisms and develop targeted interventions. Future studies should aim to develop targeted interventions and improve therapeutic strategies for managing pregnancy complications.