获得性免疫系统
趋化因子
免疫系统
先天免疫系统
炎症
免疫学
生物
效应器
细胞因子
细胞激素风暴
神经科学
医学
疾病
病理
传染病(医学专业)
2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)
作者
Dominik Jarczak,Axel Nierhaus
标识
DOI:10.3390/ijms231911740
摘要
The human innate and adaptive immune systems consist of effector cells producing cytokines (interleukins, interferons, chemokines, and numerous other mediators). Usually, a fragile equilibrium of pro- and anti-inflammation effects is maintained by complex regulatory mechanisms. Disturbances of this homeostasis can lead to intricate chain reactions resulting in a massive release of cytokines. This may result in a drastic self-reinforcement of various feedback mechanisms, which can ultimately lead to systemic damage, multi-organ failure, or death. Not only pathogens can initiate such disturbances, but also congenital diseases or immunomodulatory therapies. Due to the complex and diverse interactions within the innate and adaptive immune systems, the understanding of this important clinical syndrome is incomplete to date and effective therapeutic approaches remain scarce.
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