Multi-objective and two-stage optimization study of integrated energy systems considering P2G and integrated demand responses

To explore the influencing factors of the integrated benefit (IB) index of integrated energy systems (IESs) and the best energy supply mode, we constructed a two-stage optimization model for planning allocation and operation scheduling. First, according to the structural characteristics of the energy demand load combined with the operation characteristics of each piece of equipment in the IES, a refined capacity allocation constraint model was constructed. Second, an IB optimization model with economic, environmental, and energy benefits as the optimization objectives was established. Then, by analogy with the price-based demand response (PBDR) and incentive-based demand response (IBDR) of the power system, an integrated demand response (IDR) model covering cooling, heating, electricity and gas was constructed. Finally, a citizen service center in Hebei Province, China, was used as a simulated example. The scientific capacity allocation of each device of the IES improved the economic efficiency by 14.8%. Compared with the traditional operation mode, the economic benefits of the multi-objective optimization (MOO) operation mode were increased by 2.97% and 3.42%, respectively. After further introducing the IDR, IB increased to 20.55 and 20.46%, and the effect of IBDR was better.