Tropospheric ozone is a catastrophe, and ethylenediurea (EDU) is a phytoprotectant, recent reports on climate change scenario: A review

A high level of tropospheric ozone is phytotoxic as well as harmful to animals. The significant decrease in crop yield, grain quality are major concern, including impaired physiological processes, ROS protection mechanism, and molecular processes under high tropospheric ozone concentrations. The detailed and comprehensive studies are needed to assess exact damages from tropospheric ozone. An organic compound ethylenediurea (EDU) has been proven to be used as phyto-protectant against tropospheric ozone in many scientific studies since long time. Many scientific studies have reported EDU as a research tool and protection up to significant level for various parameters, for instance, morphology, physiology and molecular level. One concern lies in that previous studies mainly focuse on either impact of ozone or EDU separately on individual crops (C3 or C4) or tree species. The reports for the combined effects of ozone and EDU are less for crops as well as trees. So in this review, we have tried to compile all the recent studies regarding ozone, EDU and their impacts on C3, C4 and tree species at one place. The compiled results revealed, decrease in C3, C4- crop yield as well as decreased net primary productivity and C- sequestration in trees at global level. This review will specially focus on, ozone level, its effects on global crop production. For EDU, we have reviewed some parameters like, morphological, physiological, biochemical and especially proteomics studies in recent years. We hope this review will definitely provide new information in the field of ozone and EDU assessments studies in global perspective.