Breakthroughs and prospects in ruthenium-based electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

The potential of hydrogen as a future energy source is promising due to its high gravimetric energy density, abundance, environmental sustainability, and lack of emissions post-ignition. Researchers are currently investigating various electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) through water splitting. This paper provides an informative discussion on the basic principles of HER and offers an overview of Ru-based electrocatalysts for HER, including Ru/C composites, Ru with heteroatoms, Ru/P composites, and Ru with other transition metals. Moreover, the paper discusses the challenges and future directions in developing Ru-based electrocatalysts for HER, emphasizing the need for further research in catalyst design, performance optimization, and cost-effectiveness. In summary, this paper concludes with an in-depth discussion of the fundamental principles regulating HER and valuable insights into the use of Ru-based electrocatalysts for efficient HER. By elucidating the unique properties and performance characteristics of Ru-based catalysts, this work contributes to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies and the realization of a hydrogen-driven future.