Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with the long-term prognosis of patients in acute coronary syndromes with prior myocardial infarction: Insights from OSA-ACS study

The prognostic significance of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) according to prior myocardial infarction (MI) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between OSA and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in ACS patients with or without prior MI. We prospectively recruited eligible 2160 ACS patients with portable sleep monitoring in Beijing Anzhen Hospital between June 2015 and January 2020. OSA was defined as an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15 events/hour. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE), including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemia-driven revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Among 1927 patients enrolled, 1014 (52.6%) had OSA and 316 (16.4%) had prior MI. During 2.9 (1.5, 3.6) years of follow-up, multivariate analysis showed that OSA was associated with 1.7 times the risk of MACCE in patients with prior MI (50 events [28.2%] vs 24 events [17.3%]; adjusted HR = 1.74, 95%CI 1.04–2.90, P = 0.034), but not in patients without prior MI group (177 events [21.1%] vs 138 events [17.8%]; adjusted HR = 1.19, 95%CI 0.94–1.51, P = 0.15). There was no significant interaction between prior MI and OSA for MACCE (interaction P = 0.14). OSA was independently associated with an increased risk of MACCE among ACS patients, particularly among ACS patients with prior MI. Further trials exploring the efficacy of OSA treatment in high-risk patients with ACS characterized by prior MI are warranted.