The endometrial microbiota profile influenced pregnancy outcomes in patients with repeated implantation failure: a retrospective study

To investigate the association between the pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) and their endometrial microbiota profiles.One hundred and forty-one RIF patients were recruited in this retrospective study. Endometrial tissues were sampled using a disposable sterile endometrium sampler. Comprehensive next-generation sequencing techniques were used to detect the endometrial bacteria status, and the pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.Endometrial pathogenic bacteria were detected in 125 patients (88.70%, the pathogenic group) while no relevant pathogen was found in the remaining 16 (11.30%, the no-pathogen group). All the 125 patients received the treatment of oral antibiotics for 14 days. Clinical pregnancy rates and ongoing pregnancy rates were higher in the pathogenic group than in the no-pathogen group without statistical significance (50.40% vs. 37.50%, P＞0.05; 42.40% vs. 25%, P＞0.05).In the endometrium of most RIF patients existed pathogenic bacteria, among which Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria, and Klebsiella were most frequently observed, and the sensitive antibiotic therapy might improve clinical outcomes of the RIF patients in subsequent embryo transfer cycles.