Residue depletion of enrofloxacin and flumequine in feathers of broilers based on quantitative UHPLC-MS/MS detection

To explore potential factors contributing to high fluoroquinolone resistance levels, it is essential to develop analytical methods capable of detecting residues and trace amounts of antibiotic use in broilers. The aim of the present study was to develop and in-house validate a sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method capable of determining enrofloxacin (ENR) and flumequine (FLU) residues at slaughter age (day 45) when the animals were treated with these antimicrobials one day after hatching. Residue depletion of ENR and FLU in feathers was also assessed. Two experimental trials were performed, both consisting of 5 different treatment groups. In the first trial animals were treated with ENR and in the second one with FLU. The developed method was successfully validated and was found to be sensitive enough to detect residues of fluoroquinolones in the feathers up until slaughter age in all treatment groups. Average ENR concentration on day 45 was 10 ng g−1 feather after drinking water treatment, with all concentrations above the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5 ng g−1 feather. For FLU average concentration on day 45 after drinking water administration was 4 ng g−1 feather, with an LOQ of 1 ng g−1 feather. Therefore, the method is suited for application to monitor fluoroquinolone use in broilers.