Building DNA Computing System for Smart Biosensing and Clinical Diagnosis

One of the derivative directions of DNA nanotechnology is DNA computing, which borrows the concept from silicon-based computers. DNA computing systems generally consist of three functional modules: inputs, signal processing elements, and outputs. With the capability to convert molecular recognition into detectable signals, DNA-based computing devices exhibit widespread applications in smart biosensing. For instance, thanks to the good parallelism and flexibility of DNA computing, multiple targets can be analyzed simultaneously, and the information of those targets can be output in a programmable manner. According to different application scenarios, the authors divided the biosensing platforms for biomedical applications into in vitro and cellular biosensing. DNA molecular computation has been regarded as a powerful tool for biosensing and clinical diagnosis, which can be applied in multiple targets analysis, point-of-care testing, and biological information processing.