Unveiling the Potential of Bi/FeS-G Nanocomposites: A Pioneering Approach to Dual-Functional Anodes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries

In the domain of large-scale electrode production using ball milling techniques, achieving robust cycling stability and superior electrochemical performance in dual-functional anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) remains a formidable challenge. To tackle these objectives, we have devised a distinctive hybrid anode nanocomposite characterized by its complex multiphase structure. This composite integrates innovative binary Bi/FeS nanomaterials onto exfoliated graphite nanosheets (Bi/FeS-G) via a straightforward ball-milling process. Our comprehensive experimental and theoretical analyses indicate that the synergistic interactions between graphite nanosheets and the layered Bi/FeS structure, along with the Li2S and Na2S discharge products, significantly enhance the Li-ion and Na-ion diffusion rate and stability of the hierarchical anode architecture. In Li-ion storage performance testing, the novel Bi/FeS-G material outperformed its Bi/FeS counterpart, demonstrating a reversible capacity of 664.1 mAh g–1 and 536.4 mAh g–1 at 1.0 A g–1 and 2.0 A g–1 over 400 cycles, and delivering capacities of 409.4 mAh g–1, 358.6 mAh g–1, and 298.5 mAh g–1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g–1, 1 A g–1, and 2 A g–1, respectively, in Na-ion storage. The swift preparation of high-quality Bi/FeS-G anode materials involves just two steps. Given that the performance of Bi/FeS-G surpasses that of many similar anode materials, this research holds great significance for advancing lithium/sodium ion battery development.