Tracking Nonpoint Source Nitrogen Pollution in Human-Impacted Watersheds

非点源污染 环境科学 分水岭 基流 水文学(农业) 地表径流 硝酸盐 反硝化 水质 流域 生态学 水流 氮气 地理 量子力学 生物 机器学习 物理 工程类 地图学 岩土工程 计算机科学
作者
Sujay S. Kaushal,Peter M. Groffman,Lawrence E. Band,Emily M. Elliott,Catherine A. Shields,Carol Kendall
出处
期刊:Environmental Science & Technology [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:45 (19): 8225-8232 被引量:501
标识
DOI:10.1021/es200779e
摘要

Nonpoint source nitrogen (N) pollution is a leading contributor to U.S. water quality impairments. We combined watershed N mass balances and stable isotopes to investigate fate and transport of nonpoint N in forest, agricultural, and urbanized watersheds at the Baltimore Long-Term Ecological Research site. Annual N retention was 55%, 68%, and 82% for agricultural, suburban, and forest watersheds, respectively. Analysis of δ(15)N-NO(3)(-), and δ(18)O-NO(3)(-) indicated wastewater was an important nitrate source in urbanized streams during baseflow. Negative correlations between δ(15)N-NO(3)(-) and δ(18)O-NO(3)(-) in urban watersheds indicated mixing between atmospheric deposition and wastewater, and N source contributions changed with storm magnitude (atmospheric sources contributed ∼50% at peak storm N loads). Positive correlations between δ(15)N-NO(3)(-) and δ(18)O-NO(3)(-) in watersheds suggested denitrification was removing septic system and agriculturally derived N, but N from belowground leaking sewers was less susceptible to denitrification. N transformations were also observed in a storm drain (no natural drainage network) potentially due to organic carbon inputs. Overall, nonpoint sources such as atmospheric deposition, wastewater, and fertilizer showed different susceptibility to watershed N export. There were large changes in nitrate sources as a function of runoff, and anticipating source changes in response to climate and storms will be critical for managing nonpoint N pollution.

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