Somatic mutations altering EZH2 (Tyr641) in follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of germinal-center origin

Marco Marra and colleagues identify somatic mutations in EZH2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and follicular lymphomas. EZH2 is a histone methyltransferase that participates in trimethylation of H3 Lys27 (H3K27) as part of the PRC2 complex. The mutations alter a single tyrosine residue in the SET domain of EZH2 and reduce the ability of PRC2 to trimethylate H3K27 in vitro. Follicular lymphoma (FL) and the GCB subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) derive from germinal center B cells1. Targeted resequencing studies have revealed mutations in various genes encoding proteins in the NF-κB pathway2,3 that contribute to the activated B-cell (ABC) DLBCL subtype, but thus far few GCB-specific mutations have been identified4. Here we report recurrent somatic mutations affecting the polycomb-group oncogene5 EZH2, which encodes a histone methyltransferase responsible for trimethylating Lys27 of histone H3 (H3K27). After the recent discovery of mutations in KDM6A (UTX), which encodes the histone H3K27me3 demethylase UTX, in several cancer types6, EZH2 is the second histone methyltransferase gene found to be mutated in cancer. These mutations, which result in the replacement of a single tyrosine in the SET domain of the EZH2 protein (Tyr641), occur in 21.7% of GCB DLBCLs and 7.2% of FLs and are absent from ABC DLBCLs. Our data are consistent with the notion that EZH2 proteins with mutant Tyr641 have reduced enzymatic activity in vitro.