Design of Optimal Fractional-Order PID Controllers Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) System

In practical applications, the pure derivative action is never used, due to the “derivative kick” produced in the control signal for a step input, and to the undesirable noise amplification. It is usually replaced by a first-order low-pass filter. In this paper, we use a $$\mu $$ -order fractional low-pass filter and define a practical fractional-order controller. The proposed approach with new defined fitness function has very easy implementation and the most control performance. We present a method for optimum tuning of practical fractional PID controllers for automatic voltage regulator system using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. PSO is a robust stochastic optimization technique based on the movement and intelligence of swarm, applies the concept of social interaction to problem solving. From the comparison this technique with the other methods, its influence and efficiency are illustrated. Simulations and comparisons with other FOPID/PID controllers illustrate that the proposed PSO-FOPID controller can provide good control performance with respect to reference input and also improve the system robustness with respect to model uncertainties.