Molecular genetic analysis of 10 Chinese patients with glycogen storage disease type III

Objective Glycogen debranching enzyme (AGL) plays an important role in complete degradation of the glycogen, and has two independent catalytic activities, i.e., those of alpha-1, 4-glucanotransferase (EC 2.4. 1.25) and amylo-1,6-glucosidase (EC 3.2. 1.33). A deficiency in activities of AGL causes excessive accumulation of glycogen with short branched outer chains and results in glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III; MIM #232 400), an autosomal recessive inborn disorder of glycogen metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate the mutation of AGL in 10 Chinese patients with GSD III. Method Clinical and laboratory data of 10 patients with typical clinical manifestations of GSD III suggesting hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, increased creatine-phosphokinase and its isozyme were collected. The coding regions and their flanking introns of AGL gene of the 10 patients were amplified by PCR and analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. All the mutated alleles were confirmed by bidirectional DNA sequencing. The 3 novel splicing mutations were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in 50 healthy children (control). The 2 small deletions (c.408-411delTTTG, c.2717-2721delAGATC) were analyzed by fluorescent polymerase chain reaction and gene scan analysis to confirm the number of deleted bases. Result Thirteen different mutations were identified, including 4 splicing mutations (IVS6 + 1G > A, IVS6-1G > A, IVS14 + 1G > T, IVS26-2A > C), 5 nonsense mutations (R469X, R864X, S929X, R977X, Y1428X), 3 small deletions (c.408-411delTTTG, c.2717-2721delAGATC, c.2823delT) and 1 insert mutation (c.4234insT). Except for IVS14 + 1G > T, R864X, and R977X, the other 10 mutations are novel; 18 mutated alleles were identified in the 20 alleles (90%). IVS14 + 1G > T was the most frequently seen mutation, accounting for 5 of 20 (25%) alleles examined. None of homozygote and heterozygote of the 3 novel splicing mutations was found in the 50 healthy controls by RFLP analysis. With the fluorescent polymerase chain reaction and gene scan analysis, c.408411deTTTG mutation and c.2717-2721delAGATC mutation were confirmed to have 4 and 5 bases deletion respectively. Conclusion Thirteen mutations were identified in the 10 cases with GSD III, with 10 novel mutations. IVS14 + 1G > T was a relatively common mutation. This study revealed the heterozygosity of AGL gene in Chinese patients with GSD III.